>Rio Tinto
Date Filed: September 18, 2000
Court: U.S. District Court
Location: California

In a landmark case the firm represents victims of Rio Tinto's mining operation on the island of Bougainville. To build the mine, Rio chemically defoliated, bulldozed and sliced off an entire mountainside of rain forest.

During the years of the mine's operations, billions of tons of toxic mine waste was generated and dumped onto the land and into pristine waters, filling major rivers with tailings, polluting a major bay dozens of miles away, and the Pacific Ocean as well. As a result of its flagrant disregard for the environment and the people of Bougainville, Rio dispossessed the people of Bougainville from their land, destroyed their culture and polluted their environment and lifestyle.

Rio destroyed previously pristine rivers and land that provided substance and a way of life for the native people and went to the heart of their local culture. The pollution is so extensive that plaintiffs and members of the class have been improperly exposed to toxic chemicals. In certain villages, the chemicals still remaining have caused the death and/or illness of residents.

Rio's actions on Bougainville were so egregious that they sparked an uprising designed to close the mine. When the uprising succeeded, Rio and the Papua New Guinea (PNG) government brought troops in to reopen the mine. Rio provided transport for these troops.

After initial unsuccessful efforts, the PNG government, as the agent of or co-venturer of Rio and with the support and encouragement of Rio, instituted a military blockade of the island that lasted for almost ten years. The purpose of the military blockade was to coerce the Bougainville people into surrender so that the mine could be reopened. Both Rio and PNG made enormous profits from the mine and were anxious for it to operate, notwithstanding the resistance of the island's people.

The blockade prevented medicine, clothing and other essential items from reaching the people of Bougainville. Hospitals were forced to close, women died needlessly in childbirth and young children died from easily preventable diseases. Rio's top manager on Bougainville encouraged continuation of the blockade for the purpose of "starving the bastards" out. This blockade directly caused the deaths of at least 10,000 people between 1990 and 1997.

According to the Red Cross, the blockade killed more than 2,000 children in its first two years of operation. By the time the war ended in 1999, 10% of the population of Bougainville, approximately 15,000 civilians, were killed.

The action alleges that Rio's conduct violated customary international law, including prohibitions against destruction of the right to life and health, and prohibitions against racial discrimination and war crimes. Rio's conduct violated the settled standards for the protection of human rights and the environment recognized by customary international law and United States legal precedent. The plaintiffs seek redress under the federal Alien Tort Claims Act (28 U.S.C. � 1350).